Human Pathology

## Year Three | General and Systemic Pathology **Department of Pathology**School of Medicine, College of Health SciencesEmail: pathology@.ac.ke --- ## Vision To be a global hub of excellence in education, research and innovation in Pathology. ## Mission To provide world class education, research and innovation for global transformation and sustainable development in Pathology harnessing knowledge in applied sciences and technology for the service of humanity in line with the university quality policy and medical ethics. ## Core Values Integrity | Professionalism | Innovation --- ## 1. Course Purpose The main purpose of this unit is to equip learners with basic knowledge on general pathology to enable them understand the principles and function of the human body from cellular level, organs and systems and their inter-relationship. --- ## 2. Quality Objectives **2.1 Critical Thinking**Develop the ability to collect, analyze and evaluate information and formulate conclusions through critical and analytical thinking. **2.2 Communication Competency**Demonstrate competency in oral, written, quantitative, and technological skills including scientific and quantitative literacy. **2.3 Global Health Awareness**Acquire understanding of economic, historical, political, geographic and environmental relationships, with awareness and appreciation of cultural diversity in global health. **2.4 Field Mastery**Gain mastery of pathology knowledge and its multi-cultural and multinational application. **2.5 Community Service**Participate in community service, citizenship, or social action projects and activities. **2.6 Ethical Standards**Formulate and articulate ethical standards to guide professional and personal conduct. --- ## 3. Expected Learning Outcomes ### General Pathology - Explain cellular response to injury including adaptations, cell injury and cell death - Explain subcellular response to injury, intracellular accumulations and pathologic calcification - Explain general features of acute and chronic inflammation - Explain tissue repair and healing - Explain pathophysiologic categories of edema - Explain hyperemia, congestion and hemorrhage - Explain thrombosis, embolism, and infarction ### Systemic Pathology - Explain normal structure and function of all systems, classifications and etiopathogenesis of common disease processes - Explain clinical presentation, gross and microscopic findings of common diseases in all systems - Describe morphological features, functional consequences and clinicopathological and radiological correlations - Describe tissue processing from biopsy collection to report generation and interpretation ### Histology & Histopathology - Describe tissue processing and staining methods - Describe slide and tissue archival and retrieval - Interpret histopathology reports and make clinicopathological correlations ### Cytology & Cytopathology - Describe types of cytology specimens, indications and collection methods - Explain cytological fixation and staining methods - Interpret cytopathology reports and make clinicopathological correlations --- ## 4. Instructional Methods **4.1 Lectures & Discussions**Didactic lectures, PowerPoint presentations, and class discussions emphasizing active learning and competency-based instruction. **4.2 Laboratory Learning**Practical sessions demonstrating specific aspects of current topics, with students completing exercises in laboratory manuals and logbooks. **4.3 Multimedia Resources**Video demonstrations and CD-ROMs on Human Pathology when available. **4.4 Assignments**Individual or group research, discussions, presentations including discovery learning, problem-based learning, experimental learning, group-based learning, independent studies and e-learning. --- ## 5. Instructional Materials & Equipment Lecture notes, PowerPoint presentations, tutorials, video demonstrations, CD-ROMs, microscopes, textbooks, and practical manuals. --- ## 6. Course Requirements - Attend all lectures and laboratory practicals - **Logbook is mandatory** - must be completed and submitted at the end of Year III for marking --- ## 7. Course Content ### FIRST SEMESTER #### Introduction to Pathology (12 weeks) - The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease - Cellular responses to stress and toxic insults: adaptation, injury and death - Inflammation and repair - Hemodynamic disorders - Thromboembolic disease - Shock - Infectious diseases – Part 1 - Infectious diseases – Part 2 - Environmental diseases - Nutritional diseases - Diseases of infancy and childhood - Recap #### Oncopathology (12 weeks) - Nomenclature: Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms - Epidemiology of Cancer - Molecular Basis of Cancer: Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations - Proto-oncogenes, Oncogenes and Oncoproteins - Insensitivity to Growth Inhibition: Tumor Suppressor Genes and Evasion of Programmed Cell Death - Angiogenesis - Invasion and Metastasis - Evasion o