TABLES MUST KNOW( Entomology)
TABLES MUST KNOW( Entomology) - OMPATH
# ## SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
## BMM 3101: PARASITOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY C.A.T 1 (50 marks)
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## Q1. Define the following terminologies (3 marks)
**i. Zoophilic** Vectors that prefer feeding on animal blood rather than human blood.
**ii. Endophagic** Vectors that prefer feeding indoors (inside buildings/houses).
**iii. Fomite** Non-living objects capable of transmitting infectious pathogens from one host to another.
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## Q2. With examples, outline five (5) medical importances of arthropods (10 marks)
**1. Biological vectors of disease**
- Transmit pathogens that multiply/develop in them
- *Example:* *Anopheles* mosquitoes transmit malaria; tsetse flies transmit sleeping sickness
**2. Mechanical vectors**
- Carry pathogens on body parts without pathogen development
- *Example:* Houseflies and cockroaches transmit cholera, typhoid
**3. Direct causative agents**
- Cause disease through infestation
- *Example:* Scabies mite (*Sarcoptes scabiei*), head lice
**4. Venomous effects**
- Cause injury through bites/stings
- *Example:* Scorpions, spiders, bees cause envenomation
**5. Nuisance and allergic reactions**
- Cause irritation and hypersensitivity
- *Example:* Mosquito bites, bed bugs, dust mites trigger allergies
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## Q3. Using an illustration, discuss the life cycle of a three-host tick (15 marks)
### Three-Host Tick Life Cycle (e.g., *Rhipicephalus appendiculatus*)
**Stages:**
- **Eggs** → Laid on ground by engorged female (2,000-20,000 eggs)
- **Larvae (6-legged)** → Hatch, climb vegetation, attach to **HOST 1** (small mammals/birds), feed 3-7 days, drop off, molt to nymph
- **Nymph (8-legged)** → Climb vegetation, attach to **HOST 2** (medium mammals), feed 4-7 days, drop off, molt to adult
- **Adult (8-legged)** → Climb vegetation, attach to **HOST 3** (large mammals/cattle), mate on host, female feeds 7-14 days, drops off, lays eggs, dies
**Key feature:** Each stage feeds on a different host and drops to ground to molt.
**Duration:** Complete cycle takes 6 months to 3 years depending on conditions.
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Parasitology Tables -
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